Coeliac disease, a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, is a
global health concern that affects millions of people. However, the rates of diagnosis vary significantly across different regions of the world due to genetic predispositions, healthcare access, and awareness. In this blog, I was keen to explore the worldwide statistics on coeliac disease diagnosis, shedding light on the global prevalence of this often under diagnosed condition.
What Is Coeliac Disease?
Coeliac disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the small intestine after consuming gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This autoimmune response leads to damage in the lining of the small intestine, preventing proper nutrient absorption. Left untreated, it can lead to a range of complications, including malnutrition, osteoporosis, neurological issues, and even an increased risk of certain cancers.
Global Prevalence of Coeliac Disease
Coeliac disease is common worldwide, affecting around 1% of the global population. However, this prevalence is not evenly spread, with some regions reporting higher or lower diagnosis rates based on factors like genetic susceptibility and dietary habits.
Europe
Europe has some of the highest diagnosis rates for coeliac disease, with about 1 in 100 people affected. Countries such as Finland, Sweden, and Italy report particularly high rates. In Finland and Sweden, robust screening programs contribute to higher diagnosis rates. In Italy, coeliac disease is recognised as a public health issue, with those diagnosed receiving government support, including gluten-free food subsidies.
North America
In North America, coeliac disease prevalence is similar to Europe, with about 1 in 133 people diagnosed. However, many individuals remain undiagnosed due to limited awareness and inconsistent screening practices. In the United States, an estimated 3 million people have coeliac disease, but a significant proportion are undiagnosed. Despite growing public awareness and improved diagnostics, the condition remains underreported.
Middle East and North Africa
In the Middle East and North Africa, diagnosis rates for coeliac disease are rising. Countries such as Turkey, Iran, and Israel have higher rates of diagnosis, reflecting genetic factors and growing awareness. For example, studies in Turkey show a prevalence rate around 1%, consistent with global averages. However, rural areas still face challenges in access to healthcare, leading to underdiagnosis.
Asia
East Asia reports lower rates of coeliac disease, likely due to genetic factors and traditional diets that contain less gluten. However, the condition is likely underdiagnosed in the region. In India, where wheat is a staple in some regions, coeliac disease is becoming more recognised, particularly in the north. Some studies show a prevalence of around 1.4% in certain regions, though many cases remain undiagnosed due to low awareness and limited diagnostic facilities in rural areas.
South America
In South America, coeliac disease diagnosis rates vary. Argentina, for example, has relatively high diagnosis rates, supported by national awareness campaigns and strict food labelling laws that make gluten-free choices easier. In countries like Brazil and Chile, diagnoses are increasing, but the overall rate remains lower than in Europe or North America.
Australia
Coeliac disease affects an estimated 1 in 70 Australians, making it a significant public health issue. However, like in many parts of the world, a large proportion of people with the condition remain undiagnosed. Awareness has been growing over the years, leading to increased diagnoses, but challenges in identifying and managing coeliac disease still exist.
Australia has one of the highest rates of coeliac disease in the world, with an estimated 1.4% of the population affected. However, only about 20% of those with coeliac disease have been formally diagnosed, meaning around 80% remain unaware that they have the condition. This gap in diagnosis highlights the importance of better awareness, screening, and education among healthcare providers and the general public.
The Under diagnosis Problem
Despite coeliac disease’s global awareness, it is estimated that around 80% of people with the condition remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Symptoms vary widely, ranging from digestive issues like bloating and diarrhoea to non-gastrointestinal symptoms such as anaemia, depression, and joint pain. This variability often leads to delayed or incorrect diagnoses.
Improved awareness, better screening protocols, and more accessible diagnostics are crucial in addressing the issue of under diagnosis. In countries with strong healthcare systems, early diagnosis and treatment through a gluten-free diet can prevent long-term complications and improve quality of life.
The Future of Coeliac Disease Diagnosis
As awareness of coeliac disease continues to grow globally, so does the potential for improved diagnosis rates. Advances in medical technology, such as non-invasive blood tests and genetic screening, are making it easier to identify the disease early. Increased education for healthcare professionals and the general public will be key to bridging gaps in under diagnosed regions.
Countries like Italy and Argentina already provide government support and subsidies for those with coeliac disease. As diagnosis rates rise, other countries may follow suit, driving the demand for gluten-free products and more supportive policies.
Coeliac disease affects millions worldwide, but under diagnosis remains a significant challenge, particularly in regions with limited awareness and healthcare access. Europe and North America have the highest rates of diagnosis, but regions such as South America, the Middle East, and parts of Asia are catching up as awareness improves.
How do we help?
At Mama Coeliac, we’re dedicated to helping those with coeliac disease maintain a safe, gluten-free kitchen with our specialised utensils and kitchenware. Take a look at our store to explore our range of products designed to eliminate cross-contamination and make gluten-free cooking easier.
Further Reading
https://celiac.org/ Global Celiac Disease Foundation
https://coeliac.org.au/ Coeliac Australia
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